Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) Goes Mainstream

Google-Does-2FA
Google Enters 2FA Token Market

2FA for the masses…

Two-factor authentication (a.k.a., 2FA) has been around for decades. I first used early versions of this technology back in the mid-nineties. When I first used it, I authenticated to secure servers using an RSA token. Since then, I’ve used numerous 2FA tools for numerous work assignments.  

Over the years, the token has changed

My first token was a card. It had a small LCD screen that displayed an access code. After a fixed time had elapsed, a new code was generated. From this beginning, I migrated to a standalone (i.e., disconnected) token.  Since the nineties, I’ve had dozens of RSA tokens. But when I was with the Department of Defense, I used a Common Access Card (or CAC) to log into most systems. And in the past few years, I’ve used mobile phone apps that would display time-based access codes.

A few years ago, I decide that I wanted to enable multi-factor authentication on every public service that would support it.  And I wanted to make sure that I used a token that I could carry with me. I chose the Yubikey token. I can use that token by inserting it into a USB connection. I can also use near-field communications (NFC) to tap the token on my phone. Once authenticated on the device, I got the traditional rotating code that I could use on almost any service.

Google finally gets into the 2FA token market

Google has supported multi-factor authentication for a number of years. But until today, Google never produced a token. Their new product – branded the Titan key – will provide 2FA for cloud services. And let’s be clear about this: the Titan key is nothing new. However, it is coming from Google. And Google WILL support this device. More importantly, other service providers will support this device. Most importantly, since it is coming from Google, consumers will purchase the product in dizzying numbers.

Bottom line:

Google just put their enormous stamp on 2FA for consumers. If you’re not yet using two-factor authentication (either at home or at work), then Google has now put you on notice.

Security Is Top Concern For Sm(all) Businesses

Security-Top-Concern
Security a top concern for SMB leaders

Do you own a small business? Are you concerned about security? Do you care about your customers’ privacy?

If you say “yes” to these questions, then you are in good company. In a recent study of small and medium-sized businesses (conducted by Kaseya and summarized at BetaNews), business owners stated that security was a key business concern for them. Fifty-four (54) percent believed that security was the most important issue which they faced.

Eighty-six (86) percent of these same survey respondents experienced network availability issues. And forty-five (45) percent of them experienced network service interruptions that lasted longer than five (5) minutes.  Yet despite these risks, over seventy (70) percent of small business have chosen to use “external” services. Apparently, businesses – regardless of size – are accepting these risks. Indeed, many executives think that these risks are the very ‘table stakes’ that they must pay to stay “connected” to their customers.

What services do other companies purchase?

According to Mike Puglia, “Microsoft Office 365 leads the way as the most deployed solution (72 percent) followed by Dropbox (29 percent) and Salesforce and Google Suite both coming in with 17 percent.” Undoubtedly, every organization (with the possible exception of the telecos and the government) gets its connectivity from a service provider. And almost every company gets key services (like domain naming, site hosting, and email connections) from an external provider. Consequently, very few businesses can compete unless they are connected to the Internet. And very few businesses can make these connections on their own. Bottom Line: You must be connected to compete. And whenever you connect your resources to those of others, you are accepting the risk of exploitation.

What should you do to compete – and survive?

If you are a small or medium-sized business, then you need to use the same services that the big “enterprise” corporations use. But you can’t afford to maintain an entire department of IT professionals. So you need “corporate-sized” professional services at an affordable price. If you want scalable solutions that are affordably priced, then you should contact Lobo Strategies. We can help you walk this tightrope.

5G: Qualcomm Takes One Step Closer

5G Antenna Modules
5G wireless is one step closer to reality. AT&T and Verizon have made huge investments in millimeter-wave (mmWave) radio spectrum (e.g., 28GHz and 39GHz). Sprint and T-Mobile have placed their bets on existing spectrum below 6GHz (i.e., “sub-6”) radio spectrum. A huge step towards the 5G aspirations of these two camps was made yesterday when Qualcomm announced its mmWave and sub-6 antenna modules.

Now that these modules are formally available, handset designers and producers will accelerate their movement towards these pivotal 5G technologies.   Don’t expect everything to shift to 5G by the end of this year. But you should expect that handsets being developed for launch next year will begin to feature 5G capabilities.

In the meantime, expect to see niche offerings. Based upon published plans by the carriers/operators, the first products featuring 5G will probably take the form of “pucks” that will provide a “semi-fixed” wireless connection. What does “semi-fixed” mean? Simple. You won’t carry these things in your pocket; they won’t be a mobile phone. You will set them up so other devices can connect to them. I expect to see these fixed wireless solutions to start to show up in households or in the briefcases of road warriors.

Will these “hotspot” use cases dominate the residential and/or mobile office space? They will not dominate any market in 2018. I do expect to see the early adopter crowd will jump on board in the first half of 2019. But I don’t expect widespread adoption (beyond 10%) until 2019. Nevertheless, these un-tethered back haul connections will be a substantive challenge to the cable operators. Specifically, the cord-cutters (who want wireless connectivity without content bundling) will jump on these connectivity devises – assuming that the operators price them appropriately.

In the final analysis, yesterday’s announcement by Qualcomm outlines the future. And the future will be 5G. But one question remains: which team will win?

Lorin’s Prediction: The millimeter wave crowd will win in the fixed wireless challenge to cable companies. And since the mmWave build-out is starting in dense urban settings, I think that AT&T and Verizon will clean up in urban centers. For the rest of the markets, the sub-6 enthusiasts will garner more market share – until the 5G tower build-out is complete. And the sub-6 crowd will register early wins in the mobile wireless use cases.  But the real fun will begin when mmWave and sub-6 antenna modules are in every device – whether mobile or fixed. Then we will see who secures the future markets.

Password Re-use: Physician, Heal Thyself!

password re-use abuse
Password Re-use Is Abuse

A survey of professionals at the Infosecurity Conference 2018 in London has revealed that 45% of their attendees are guilty of password re-use across multiple accounts. And depending upon the source that you cite, up to 73% of consumers are guilty of the sin of password re-use. If you’re part of these groups, then you need to move out of that neighborhood. And you need to do so as quickly as possible. But how do you do that?

There are really only two methods: memorize unique passwords for each account, or store unique passwords for each account in a secure place. For me, I have over one hundred and fifty accounts. So memorizing complex random passwords for that many accounts is impractical.  And writing these down in an unsecured file or on a piece of paper is truly unacceptable. Does anyone remember the scene in “Wargames” when Matthew Broderick’s character opens the office administrator’s drawer and sees the password list? 

So I am part of the 8% that use a password manager to create and store complex passwords for every account. As of this moment, I don’t remember any of my passwords – except the password to my password safe. Every password I use is unique. And my password manager encrypts every entry ensure its security. If you are looking at password managers, then the two best tools (both of which I’ve used) are LastPass and 1Password. I prefer LastPass because it has tools to help create new passwords on (or before) the date when each account expires. And there is a testing tool that helps you to ensure that you don’t accidentally re-use a password.

Whatever you do, it’s time to get on with the business of properly managing passwords. It is the best “first step” that you can take to secure your identity.
 

Gibbs’ “Home Automation” Boat

Pardon the coy title. But I love “NCIS”. And some days, I feel a lot like Gibbs: I have a pet project in the basement. And whenever I get bored or frustrated, I work on my project. But as of now, I think that my home automation project is finally sea-worthy.

My little Pi is a beast. I am running a long list of software on this device. I’m running Home Assistant with the following add-ons: DuckDNS, Let’s Encrypt, Mosquitto, Node-RED, Samba, and SSH. With this combination, I can monitor assets within the home. I can determine whether my wife and I are in the home or outside of the home. I can build automated tasks based upon data collected within the home. I can manage the assets and the compute infrastructure in the home. And I can secure it against exploitation by ‘bad actors’.

And now, I’ve finally gotten around to configuring the data collection and graphing infrastructure. The package of tools that I am using for this includes Grafana and InfluxDB. After installing the components, I got about the work of configuring the software.

InfluxDB is a time-series data repository. It is designed much like a NoSQL tool; data is written in series but isn’t updated after it is originally written. Later, the data is read serially and used in graphing and/or statistical studies. Fortunately, I was able to configure InfluxDB with very little incident. I think that years of econometric studies made this part relatively simple to implement.

Once done with the database, I turned my attention to Grafana itself. And it was very difficult to grok this tool. First, I ran into quite a bit of difficulty installing needed plugins. After poring over the logs (and consulting written guides on the Internet), I found that the “behind the curtain” instance running in a container was having difficulty downloading the ‘plugin’ components on the fly.

While scratching my head, I saw a quick popup about my dynamic address being updated. That’s when the light came on. For whatever reason, I had been having trouble with a sporadic inability to log into my system. The symptoms were that the login would just wait, and wait, and wait. I finally remembered that some applications really dislike running inside a VPN tunnel. And worse still, I wondered if the IP address recorded in DNS reflected a potentially changing DNS entry.

So I disconnected from my VPN. That’s when things just started to work. It was quite odd, though. I could finally add the plugins. But I had changed the network on my Windows system – and not the network on the Pi. So there has to be something flowing through the browser. I’ll have to dig into that. But the problem had been solved.

I also found that I needed to update the DNS on my little server. Simply put, I had been using the Pi-hole (an ad blocking DNS server) to fulfill the DNS requests for the Home Assistant Pi system. I suspected that certain key DNS requests returned with null results. Therefore, I needed to clean up the DNS config on the Home Assistant Pi.

Once both of these tasks (i.e., the VPN and the Pi-hole DNS) were resolved, the plugins started to install. So my Grafana installation could proceed.

And then I hit the learning curve of Grafana itself.

Grafana is a very cool tool. But its user interface is not very intuitive. It took a few hours to figure out just how to add variables and select the right graphing interval before real data started to emerge. But once I learned these little tricks, the graphs became easy. Last night, I began the quest to graph all of the data that I could graph. This compulsion is a learned experience; I spent many years being driven by capacity and performance data. And I wasn’t harnessing the data that is coming from my home sensors. So I am now inspired to build all sorts of data models and graphs. [Note: I really love it when my past experiences can inform my current and future activities.]

All in all, I’ve spent a few hundred hours over a few months on this home automation project. And I have learned so much about home automation, container technologies, and web security at the edge of the network. Now I’m left with one nagging thought – and an irresistible question: How does anyone expect the average homeowner to know these things. Moreover, how can we expect consumers to care enough to learn these things? Most people want the “iPhone experience” where they can spend a lot and have someone else do the integration for them.

So which are you? Are you a maker/builder/integrator? Or are you a buyer?

Trusting Technology While Distrusting Humans

Below is a comment that I posted to an article by Mr. Kai Stinchombe. Kai’s article is a well-written critique against the universal applicability of blockchain. His article is well worth the investment of time it will take to completely read it.

———-

Dear Mr. Stinchcombe,

Thank you for your cogent assessment of the applicability of blockchain technology. Since its introduction, too many people have looked at Blockchain in the same way that some physicists looked at cold fusion. To some, cold fusion was a masterpiece of ingenuity. To others, it was pure poppycock.

But why was cold fusion so attractive?

People want cheap energy. And people don’t want to be victims of broad geopolitical struggles. They saw the promise of technology demonstrated in the fifties, sixties, and seventies in the form of a nuclear arms race. But efforts at harnessing the power of fusion for peaceful purposes were fraught with the failure of unfulfilled promises. So people wanted “cold” fusion to work because no one had solved the engineering challenges associated with traditional fusion approaches. In short, people wanted limitless power on their kitchen countertop.

The same thing is true about blockchain. People want independence. And they want to get the government and corporations out of their living rooms. More specifically, they want the “bad actors” out of their back pockets and purses. People despise banks and they despise politicians. So they desperately want a solution that dis-empowers those whom they distrust. And they are willing to trust technology instead.

But the fact that you do not trust the bankers, the corporations, or the hacker elite does not mean that you should blindly trust in the promise of an “indifferent” technology.

First, technology is not something that is amoral. We view science as something immutable and ‘scientific’. But it is never that simple. Technology is built by people. And it is influenced by the experiences of those people.To see a vivid demonstration of this, we need only consider the WOPR (in “Wargames”) which was influenced by the pacific nature of its creator. Or we could consider Ulton (in the Marvel Cinematic Universe) who was every bit as much of a control freak as its creator.

Second, technology must be built (and maintained) by people that have money. So every technology is controlled by the masters who built it and the masters who operate it. If this were not the case, then why are intellectual property rights being enshrined in perpetuity. And we need look no further than Apple to see an example. Steve Wozniak was the builder with the idealistic vision. And Steve Jobs was the operator with the drive to control the creation and to destroy its competitors.

So if the real problem is that people don’t like others to steer their lives, then that is the problem that they should address. For some, that means going off the grid. For them, it is easier to hide from the wickedness of the world rather than live within it. For others, it means becoming one of the people who design the collars, leashes, and chains that will keep us in check. These are the inventors who wish to think abstractly and not consider the consequences of the systems that they will build. And for still others, it means that they must wield the whips, the chains, and the leashes that are restraining the people. For this final group, they seek to take advantage of the systems of control. None of these groups is inherently more right than the others.

But what does this have to do with your thesis?

Basically, I think that solutions must address the real-world problems that prompted their necessity. In the case of blockchain, it was created because people distrust bankers and governments. And as Dan Jeffries notes, the blockchain is headed for even more control by the banks and by the government. So its original reason for existence is propelling it towards the very hands that its creators had sought to deplenish.

Mr. Stinchombe, your premise is right. Blockchain is not a panacea for anything. It won’t solve our problems with the monetary system or with accounting practices. Indeed, it may even exacerbate them. Neither will blockchain be the means of creating an independent and trustworthy voting system.

Let’s solve the problems that are before us. If our problem is a lack of trust, then let’s not assume that a piece of technology is the ‘trustworthy’ alternative. Instead, let’s work on the problems of the heart that are creating such fundamental distrust in our foundational institutions.

For example, if you don’t trust politicians, don’t blame the voting machines or the Russians. Instead, let’s leverage competition as the means of investing in alternatives. If you hate both Democrats and Republicans and you consider all of them to be tools of “the system”, then work to create a new and competitive party. Become the kind of leader that you want to follow. Write about your thoughts. Share your thoughts. And work with those who share your thoughts. Or you could become part of the flawed system itself. You can try to alter it from within. But one thing is clear: there are risks with such an approach. In particular, you could be lured into complacency and acquiesce to the very manipulation that you are seeking to change.

But whether you build a competitive system or you seek to transform the current system from within, one thing is clear: technology will never change problems with the human heart. Our solution is not as easy as building a robot that will solve the challenges which we sought to avoid. Let’s do the hard lifting of trusting others — even if they invalidate our trust.

The Power To Print And Distribute Money Without A Central Power

Cryptocurrency has been the rage ever since its introduction almost a decade ago. On October 31, 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto published his paper entitled “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System“.  Since then, Bitcoin (and its enthusiasts and detractors) have been on a wild ride.

I won’t burden this article with a summary of Bitcoin’s history. [For a good summary of that, take a look here.] But one thing is clear: Bitcoin was designed to take power from the existing financial institutions and hopefully vest it into the hands of “the people”.

But its history has shown that the early Bitcoin “ecosystem” was just shifting power from banks and governments towards speculators and members of the tech intelligentsia. Exchanges like Mt. Gox appeared, thrived (for a time), and then were dis-empowered as everyone noticed that con artists were the real beneficiaries.

As blockchain technology has arisen (and matured), the notion of a decentralized ledger has belatedly emerged as the most lasting vestige of the original anti-establishment craze.  Everyone and their brother is now implementing blockchain technology. I even think that I saw a Blockchain slushee the last time that I went into a Quick-Trip. [Note: That actually makes some sense when you consider that convenience stores sell currency futures in the form of state-based lottery tickets.]

But the anti-establishment heritage of Bitcoin is now giving way to the centralized management of our government and corporate overlords. As banks and governments erect/impose management systems (i.e., barriers) around the blockchain infrastructure, you should be reminded of the example where governments are controlling access to waterways and irrigation systems. While the water is free, moving water through the dams and controlled waterways costs a whole lot of money. And the banks and governments happen to have a whole lot of money to use as they erect barriers against the vandals who are trying to overrun Rome.

Today, I ran across a really good thought piece about these very subjects. Medium just posted an article by Daniel Jeffries. In his article, Jeffries states, “The true power of cryptocurrencies is the power to print and distribute money without a central power.” And Jeffries is absolutely right. Of course, this means that cryptocurrency is an existential threat to the banks and to the state-supported central banks. Consequently, cryptocurrency has provoked their “immune response” mechanisms.

The outcome of this tension is not yet known. We might actually see decentralized capitalism emerge. Or we might see the stranglehold of financial institutions worsen. Finally, we might see governments further exercise their fiat power over money. This dance will end with either chaos or absolute control.

As for me, I’m hoping for something in between. And I hope that initiatives like Cicada will help to cement some of the really good seismic changes that can come out of cryptocurrency and the blockchain.

https://hackernoon.com/why-everyone-missed-the-most-mind-blowing-feature-of-cryptocurrency-860c3f25f1fb

Yes – But There Is A Difference This Time


 
In the seventies, I visited the National Bureau of Standards in Gaithersburg, Maryland. And while there, I saw my first Tokamak reactor. It was a small device – about the size of a large room. But I saw a real world example of the fantasies that I had read about for several years. So I started to get really excited.

That excitement waned. Over the decades since then, the sci-fi fantasies continued to be fueled while the real science seemed to be flagging. And the “cold fusion” idiocy didn’t help things much.

But there have been waves of breakthroughs. Each new experimental wave brought about another wave of anticipation. Today, plasma has been contained for multiple seconds. In fact, we can easily see the time when we can indefinitely sustain a usable plasma. Of course,the real trick is to get more power out of the reaction than we put into the process.

At 10:30 in the above video, Joe Scott lets us know that there is a real difference between fusion reactor claims of the past and the progress that is anticipated in the relatively near future. His conclusion is that the addition of private industry will propel fusion reactors from the university to the power plant. Given what Elon Musk and SpaceX have done to spur interplanetary expeditions, I tend to agree with Joe. And if we can just increase the competitive pressure further, we may see sustainable fusion power in our lifetimes.

In Praise of Pascal

View at Medium.com

Zat Rana has written an exceptional piece about the impact of Blaise Pascal on modern social sciences. As a man of faith (as well as a student of both the physical and social sciences), I have always looked up to Pascal. And this article is a gentle reminder that I need to re-read Pensées yet again.

In his article entitled “The Most Important Skill Nobody Taught You”, Zat Rana asserts that one of the fundamental lessons from Pascal is the adoption of solitude as a personal growth practice. As I read and considered this, I was left wondering if I (and the social media literati) could ever stop tweeting, blogging, and posting long enough to spend even a few moments in contemplative solitude.

Rana states, “At its core, it’s not necessarily that we are addicted to a TV set because there is something uniquely satisfying about it, just like we are not addicted to most stimulants because the benefits outweigh the downsides. Rather, what we are really addicted to is a state of not-being-bored.”
Unfortunately, I have to agree. I spend so much time trying to do something (nay anything) that I miss the chance to do nothing. And when I empty a moment of all of its burdens, it is then that I can hear the still small voice of God speaking to me.

Chick-Fil-A…Runs Kubernetes…At Every Store


How many of you thought that Chick-fil-A would have a tech blog? And how many of you thought that they would be clustering edge nodes at every store? When I read this article, I was surprised – and quite excited.

The basic use case is that every Chick-fil-A store needs to run certain basic management apps. These apps run at the edge but are connected to the central office. These apps include network and IT management stuff. But they also include some of the “mundane” back-office apps that keep a company going.

Routine stuff, right? But in the Chick-fil-A case, these apps/systems need to be remote and resilient. The hardware must be installed and maintained by non-technical (or semi-technical) employees (and/or contractors). If a node fails, the recovery must be as simple as unplugging the failed device and plugging in a replacement device. Similarly, the node enrollment, software distribution, and system recovery capabilities have to be automated – and flawless.

Here is where containers and Kubernetes enters the picture.

The secret to Chick-Fil-A’s success is the recipe that they use to assemble all of the parts into a yummy solution. The servers (i.e., Intel NUC devices) power up, download the relevant software, and join the local cluster. The most exciting part of this solution is its dependence upon commodity components and open source software to build a resilient platform for the company’s “secret sauce” (i.e., their proprietary apps).

The next time you go into a Chick-fil-A, remember that they are using leading-edge tech to ensure that you get the sandwich that you so desperately want to eat.

View at Medium.com